The last Orlam Afrikaners are killed off by a malaria epidemic.
At the invitation of King Tshaanika Tsha Natshilongo, the Rhenish Missionary Society sends out two missionaries, August Wulfhorst and Friedrich Meisenholl, to work in the Ongandjera area in Ovamboland. On their way to Okahao they are stopped by King Negumbo of the Uukwambi area. Thereafter they are invited by King Ueyulu ya Hedimbi to establish mission stations in the Uukwanyama area instead (which they do in 1891).
The Ruin of the "Kurt von Francois Fortress" which was
established in January 1890 to protect the Road from Otjimbingwe via Tsaobis to the new
Capital of German South West Africa (Windhoek) at Heusis (Alt Heusis) in the Khomas
Hochland, October 2004
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks
The eastern boundary along 20° east to 22° south, and from there (" Rietfontein corner angle") along 21° east to the Caprivi Strip, is established.
For the formation of the Caprivi Strip, and to give Germany access to the Zambezi River, 18° south is accepted as the northern border of British Bechuanaland. The border continuation to the east is the lower course of the Chobe River, and from there along the thalweg (main channel) of the Chobe River into the confluence with the Zambezi River ( quadruple point between present-day Namibia, Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe). The thalweg of the Chobe River, however, is not demarcated due to the river’s undefined swamp-like character. This later leads to several Chobe River island disputes (still not resolved to the present-day). It is soon discovered, however, that an insistence on 18° south, with an agreed strip of 20 English miles (32 km), would mean that, contrary to the treaty, the border with Angola would overlap German and Portuguese territories, and the mission station to be established later at Andara, as well as the residence of King Dimbu I on Thipanana Island in the Okavango River, would fall into British Bechuanaland. The colonial boundary between Angola and German South West Africa was already established in 1886 as a straight line between the Andara rapids in the Okavango River and the Katima rapids in the Zambezi River. The "20-mile rule" from the agreed Angola/German South West Africa border to the south rescues the situation for now, but a new dispute arises (lasting until 1929) regarding the unsurveyed southern border of the Caprivi Strip falling between the Okavango and Chobe Rivers. The Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty overlooks the fact that the border between the Katima rapids and the confluence with the Zambezi River along the border with Northern Rhodesia (present-day Zambia) (the thalweg of the Zambezi River) is not established. A diplomatic note of 1910 attempts to rectify the situation but remains unanswered by Great Britain for the next two decades. The Lozi people from Barotseland (present-day Zambia) continue to use some areas in the Caprivi Strip, with some restrictions placed on this usage by the German authorities (as from 1909; " Barotse privileges").
The disputed Walvis Bay border delimitation is reserved for arbitration.
A protection treaty is agreed between Göring and the Chief of the Veldschoendragers, Jan Hendrik.
At this time 32 German soldiers, 150 Dama and 50 Nama (Orlam Afrikaner and Kai||khaun) live in Windhoek.
To gain German support Samuel renews the protection treaty.
