1895 |
A protection treaty is signed
between Friedrich von Lindequist, as Leutweins representative, and the Zesfontein
Topnaar in the Kaokoveld.
The Rhenish Missionary Society re-establishes a mission station at Gobabis.
The Cape Cross Mine railway line is built by the Damaraland Guano Company Ltd. This is the
first railway line to be built in the country. The first locomotive, "Prince
Edward", is a saddle-tank locomotive with a 0-4-0 wheel arrangement.
Edmund Troost continues to operate the steam tractor (later called "Martin
Luther"), which does surprisingly well on hard ground until it blows a tube and is
duly abandoned in 1896.
King Kambonde kaMpingana (1884-1909) of the Ondonga area sends a message, assisted by
Finnish missionary Martti Rautanen, to this effect: "[I] hope to never see the
German Governor in [my] life because the Germans are coming to rule."
The Herero-Orlams who left the territory in the 1840s return to Warmbad. They get
permission from Bondelswarts Chief Wilhelm Christian to settle there. The permission is
granted on two conditions, firstly to dig wells to obtain water (they dug the first well
at Kalkfontein, later Karasburg) and secondly to deliver transport services to the
Bondelswarts and also to the Germans. Later (1908) they move under Chief Elias Tjikuirire
(later named: Stephanus; Mbaeva is later named Biwa and Kakahito becomes Apollus) to
Vaalgras/ Koichas, north-east of Keetmanshoop.
Manasse !Noreseb from the Kai||khaun returns to Hoachanas.
In Otjimbingwe forestry is stimulated by the planting of trees. |
January
|
Leutwein leads a "punitive
expedition" in alliance with Hendrik Witbooi against the Khauas and Fransman Nama and
later the Bondelswarts in the south, which leads to the defeat of all these groups. The
expedition against the Khauas Nama was provoked by a German patrol (under the command of
Aais station commander, Bohr) which had killed three unarmed Khauas Nama at Aais
(13.09.1894). 
German War Cemetry at Koës: Reflecting the Crushing of various
Nama Uprisings during 1895 in the Kalahari Desert
Copyright of Photo: Dr. Klaus Dierks |
10.01. |
Von Lindequist negotiates between
the Germans and the Ovambanderu headmen Nikodemus Kavikunua, Kahimemua Nguvauva, Kanangati
Hoveka, Kayata and Baratyio for a compromise on the border question. |
02.02. |
Leutwein exhorts Kavikunua and
Kahimemua to keep the peace. |
09.04.
|
Further Schutztruppe reinforcements
arrive in Swakopmund on the vessel "Jeanette Woermann". |
16.04. |
Postal Secretary Alfred Sachs
becomes the first Postmaster in Windhoek. |
18.05. |
Leutwein, Samuel Maharero and
Riarua meet Kavikunua and Kahimemua at Otjinauanaua. An agreement is reached which
eventually leads to the downfall of Nikodemus and Kahimemua.
Hendrik Witbooi requests the Rhenish Missionary Society to send a new missionary to
Gibeon. Missionary Friedrich Schröder serves the Gibeon congregation from 1896 to 1899.
His successor is missionary Otto Simon (1899 to 1902). He is succeeded by missionary
Spellmeyer as from 1903. |
22.05. |
The German penal code becomes law
in the colony for indigenes as well. |
30.05. |
A post office is opened in
Swakopmund. |
15.06. |
Leutwein concludes a treaty with
Kavikunua which enforces harsh border control between Ovambanderu and German settler
areas. Kavikunua seeks a closer relationship with Samuel Maharero, thus breaking with
Kahimemua. Nikodemus claim to Gobabis is, however, rejected. Instead of this the
Germans establish a garrison at Gobabis and a military post at Olifantskloof, ostensibly
to control the trade to and from the Bechuanaland Protectorate. |
01.07.
|
New punitive measures are announced
for those Ovaherero and Ovambanderu who transgress the southern border between Hereroland
and the German settler areas.
The postmark "Otyimbingue" becomes "Otjimbingue". |
01.08. |
A post office is opened in Omaruru. |
12.08. |
A post office is opened in
Okahandja. |
27.08. |
Leutwein concludes a treaty with
Samuel Maharero at Grootfontein for the establishment of the northern border of
Hereroland.
Boers are increasingly willing to accept German citizenship. |
01.10. |
A post office is opened at Gibeon. |
10.10. |
A post office is opened at Cape
Cross. |
15.10. |
.A post office is opened at
Keetmanshoop. |
12.11. |
A post office is opened at
Lüderitz. |
24.11. |
Carl Hugo Hahn dies in Paarl (Cape
Colony).  
Carl Hugo Hahn's Grave at Paarl at the St. Petri Cemetery in the Cape Colony
Copyright of Photos: Dr. Klaus Dierks
|
End 1895 |
Hendrik Witbooi escapes to
Rietfontein in British territory because he distrusts the Germans, especially Major
Mueller, new Deputy Commander of the German troops. While in South Africa, Witbooi thanks
some newspapers for their support during his struggle against German colonialism.
Ovamboland King Kambonde kaMpingana of the Ondonga reports that a number of Ovaherero have
come to see him, complaining that Samuel Maharero had become the servant of Leutwein. In
line with this, Rhenish missionaries report that a large number of Ovaherero no longer
stay in the mission stations out of fear of new colonial repressions. |